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    Dyspraxia

    This page has been designed to help you quickly find practical guidance and support for children and young people with dyspraxia or significant coordination difficulties.

    Sections include:

    • overview of needs
    • what you might notice
    • strategies
    • resources and interventions
    A child threads metal nuts onto a large bolt during a fine motor skills activity.

    Overview of needs

    Dyspraxia affects how a child or young person plans, coordinates, and carries out movements.

    Learners may find it difficult to develop both fine motor skills (like handwriting, using tools) and gross motor skills (such as balance, coordination in PE).

    They may also struggle with motor planning (knowing how to sequence movements), organisation, and completing tasks efficiently. These barriers can impact learning across the curriculum, as well as independence in everyday activities.

    Dyspraxia often occurs alongside challenges with processing, working memory, attention, and social interaction, and may affect confidence and self-esteem.

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    What is Dyspraxia?

    What you might notice

    Children and young people with dyspraxia may struggle with coordination and motor skills, including:

    • difficulty with handwriting (slow, effortful, or hard to read)
    • poor pencil grip or awkward posture
    • challenges using scissors, rulers, or other classroom tools

    Some pupils may:

    • find gross motor tasks difficult (like running, jumping, balancing, or participating in sports)
    • appear clumsy or frequently bump into things

    Others might have difficulty with motor planning, including:

    • sequencing movements (like getting dressed, organising equipment)
    • learning new physical skills

    Show organisational difficulties, such as:

    • losing equipment or forgetting instructions
    • difficulty managing time or completing multi-step tasks

    Some will experience fatigue more quickly when completing motor-based tasks and find it hard to keep up with written work due to the effort required.

    Others can also struggle with spatial awareness, including:

    • judging distances or positioning on a page
    • organising work neatly

    Some pupils may also have difficulties with working memory, affecting their ability to:

    • follow multi-step instructions
    • remember sequences or routines

    In some instances pupils might avoid tasks involving writing, PE, or practical activities, and may show reduced confidence.

    Strategies

    Effective support focuses on reducing barriers, developing skills gradually, and promoting independence.

    Use regular observation and assessment to identify specific motor and organisational needs.

    Provide a structured and supportive environment with clear routines and expectations.

    Break tasks into small, manageable steps and model each stage clearly.

    Give clear, concise instructions and check understanding.

    Allow extra time for task completion and processing.

    Targeted interventions (when more than the universal offer is needed)

    When high-quality inclusive practice is not sufficient, more targeted support may be needed.

    For example:

    • use clear routines and visual timetables
    • give short, simple instructions and repeat/check understanding
    • model tasks and break them into small steps
    • provide extra time for work and transitions
    • reduce writing demands (use laptops, printed notes, or oral responses)
    • use writing supports (frames, templates, pencil grips, sloped boards)
    • support organisation with checklists, planners, and colour-coding
    • offer movement breaks and manage sensory needs
    • provide a quiet, low-distraction workspace
    • adapt PE and practical tasks with support and step-by-step teaching
    • include fine and gross motor skill activities
    • use positive reinforcement and build confidence
    • offer peer/buddy support where helpful
    • adjust assessments (extra time, rest breaks, alternative recording)
    • set manageable homework with clear instructions
    • work with specialists (for example Schools Occupational Therapy Sensory Outreach Service)

    Dyspraxia resources