Dyspraxia
This page has been designed to help you quickly find practical guidance and support for children and young people with dyspraxia or significant coordination difficulties.
Sections include:
- overview of needs
- what you might notice
- strategies
- resources and interventions

Overview of needs
Dyspraxia affects how a child or young person plans, coordinates, and carries out movements.
Learners may find it difficult to develop both fine motor skills (like handwriting, using tools) and gross motor skills (such as balance, coordination in PE).
They may also struggle with motor planning (knowing how to sequence movements), organisation, and completing tasks efficiently. These barriers can impact learning across the curriculum, as well as independence in everyday activities.
Dyspraxia often occurs alongside challenges with processing, working memory, attention, and social interaction, and may affect confidence and self-esteem.
What is Dyspraxia?
What you might notice
Children and young people with dyspraxia may struggle with coordination and motor skills, including:
- difficulty with handwriting (slow, effortful, or hard to read)
- poor pencil grip or awkward posture
- challenges using scissors, rulers, or other classroom tools
Some pupils may:
- find gross motor tasks difficult (like running, jumping, balancing, or participating in sports)
- appear clumsy or frequently bump into things
Others might have difficulty with motor planning, including:
- sequencing movements (like getting dressed, organising equipment)
- learning new physical skills
Show organisational difficulties, such as:
- losing equipment or forgetting instructions
- difficulty managing time or completing multi-step tasks
Some will experience fatigue more quickly when completing motor-based tasks and find it hard to keep up with written work due to the effort required.
Others can also struggle with spatial awareness, including:
- judging distances or positioning on a page
- organising work neatly
Some pupils may also have difficulties with working memory, affecting their ability to:
- follow multi-step instructions
- remember sequences or routines
In some instances pupils might avoid tasks involving writing, PE, or practical activities, and may show reduced confidence.
Effective support focuses on reducing barriers, developing skills gradually, and promoting independence.
Use regular observation and assessment to identify specific motor and organisational needs.
Provide a structured and supportive environment with clear routines and expectations.
Break tasks into small, manageable steps and model each stage clearly.
Give clear, concise instructions and check understanding.
Allow extra time for task completion and processing.
Fine motor development
Support fine motor development by:
- allowing alternative methods of recording (like typing, voice recording)
- using adapted equipment (like pencil grips, sloped writing boards)
- providing short, focused handwriting practice
Reduce writing demands where appropriate to allow focus on content rather than handwriting.
Organisation
Support organisation by:
- using visual timetables and checklists
- providing labelled resources and clear workspace structures
Gross motor skills
Support gross motor skills through:
- structured, inclusive PE activities
- opportunities for supported practice of coordination skills
Use multisensory approaches to support learning and engagement.
Cognitive and physical load
Reduce cognitive and physical load by:
- providing printed notes or partially completed worksheets
- minimising copying from the board
Encourage the use of assistive technology where appropriate (like laptops, speech-to-text tools).
Confidence
Build confidence by:
- recognising effort and progress, not just outcomes
- providing opportunities for success in a range of activities
Promote independence through supportive scaffolding that can be gradually reduced.
Targeted interventions (when more than the universal offer is needed)
When high-quality inclusive practice is not sufficient, more targeted support may be needed.
For example:
- use clear routines and visual timetables
- give short, simple instructions and repeat/check understanding
- model tasks and break them into small steps
- provide extra time for work and transitions
- reduce writing demands (use laptops, printed notes, or oral responses)
- use writing supports (frames, templates, pencil grips, sloped boards)
- support organisation with checklists, planners, and colour-coding
- offer movement breaks and manage sensory needs
- provide a quiet, low-distraction workspace
- adapt PE and practical tasks with support and step-by-step teaching
- include fine and gross motor skill activities
- use positive reinforcement and build confidence
- offer peer/buddy support where helpful
- adjust assessments (extra time, rest breaks, alternative recording)
- set manageable homework with clear instructions
- work with specialists (for example Schools Occupational Therapy Sensory Outreach Service)
Dyspraxia resources
Dyspraxia Foundation.
Ed Place.
Twinkl.
YPO.
Dyspraxia UK.
Whole School SEND.